MassVoter.com← Cambridge City CouncilCambridge City Council · 2022–2023 Council · Regular meeting
38 recorded votes, 38 with disagreement.
Sources: Official minutes (PDF) · Meeting video · City meeting page
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Start my ballot →Present: Burhan Azeem, Dennis Carlone, Marc McGovern, Patricia Nolan, Sumbul Siddiqui, Denise Simmons, Paul Toner, Quinton Zondervan
Absent: Alanna Mallon
Refer: Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the FY2024 submitted budget and appropriation orders. .
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $50,000,000 to provide funds for the...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $50,000,000 to provide funds for the reconstruction of the...
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $35,350,000 to provide funds for the Municipal...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $35,350,000 to provide funds for the Municipal Facilities Improvement Plan....
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $2,500,000 to provide funds for the construction of the...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $2,500,000 to provide funds for the construction of the Peabody School...
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $1,800,000 to provide funds for financing school...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to appropriation and authorization to borrow $1,800,000 to provide funds for financing school building upgrades.
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $51,500,000 to provide funds for the construction of...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $51,500,000 to provide funds for the construction of sewer separation...
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Pass to a second reading: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $26,000,000 to provide funds for the reconstruction...
PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, TonerNo: ZondervanAlanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO A SECOND READING [7-1-1] Next: 5/8/2023 5:30 PM YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Mayor Siddiqui NAYS: Councillor Zondervan ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation and authorization to borrow $26,000,000 to provide funds for the reconstruction of various City...
REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $758.00 from a preschool family fundraiser to the Grant Fund Human Service Programs Other Ordinary...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of a grant from the Massachusetts Housing and Shelter Alliance funded by the Department of Housing and...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of the Community Learning Center (CLC) grant funded by Friends of the Community Learning Center through...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of the Friends of the Community Learning Center (CLC) grant, funded by Friends of the Community Learning...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $9,615.00 for the Center for Families program received from the Cambridge Public Health Commission...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of the Adult and Community Learning Services grant received from the Massachusetts Department of Elementary...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $255,000 from Free Cash to the General Fund Public Works Other Ordinary Maintenance account. Funds will...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of 845,000 from Free Cash to the Public Investment Fund Public Works Extraordinary Expenditures account to...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Simmons, Toner, ZondervanDennis Carlone and Alanna Mallon are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Councillor Carlone, Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Transmitting Communication from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $500,000 from Free Cash to the Public Investment Fund Public Works Extraordinary Expenditures account to...
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to Awaiting Report Item Number 22-74, regarding needs assessment of the Danehy Park and recommendations for improvements; and...
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to the appointment and reappointment of the following persons as a members of the Board of Zoning Appeals.
ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2]
Yes: Azeem, Carlone, McGovern, Nolan, Siddiqui, Toner, ZondervanAlanna Mallon and Denise Simmons are listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [7-0-2] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons.”
Refer: A communication transmitted from Yi-An Huang, City Manager, relative to a Planning Board report with no positive or negative recommendation on the Michael Monestime et. al. Zoning Petition....
REFERRED TO THE PETITION [8-0-1] FINALIZED IN COUNCIL MAY 1, 2023
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE PETITION [8-0-1] FINALIZED IN COUNCIL MAY 1, 2023 YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Ordain: A Zoning Ordinance has been received from Diane P. LeBlanc City Clerk, relative to the Zoning Ordinance of the City of Cambridge be amended on a Zoning Petition by Michael Monestime, et...
PASSED TO BE ORDAINED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PASSED TO BE ORDAINED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
An application was received from Lesley University requesting permission for 48 temporary banners on Massachusetts Avenue from Everett Street to Upland Road announcing Lesley University with...
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Refer: A Zoning Petition has been received from Ian Ferguson, et al. regarding Pitched Roofs Zoning Petition.
REFERRED TO THE ORDINANCE COMMITTEE AND PLANNING BOARD FOR HEARING AND REPORT [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: REFERRED TO THE ORDINANCE COMMITTEE AND PLANNING BOARD FOR HEARING AND REPORT [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Communications placed on file together (32 communications, COM 882 #2023 to COM 913 #2023)
PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1]
The Final Actions record the same result and vote for each of these 32 communications (COM 882 #2023, COM 883 #2023, COM 884 #2023, COM 885 #2023, COM 886 #2023, COM 887 #2023, COM 888 #2023, COM 889 #2023, COM 890 #2023, COM 891 #2023, COM 892 #2023, COM 893 #2023, COM 894 #2023, COM 895 #2023, COM 896 #2023, COM 897 #2023, COM 898 #2023, COM 899 #2023, COM 900 #2023, COM 901 #2023, COM 902 #2023, COM 903 #2023, COM 904 #2023, COM 905 #2023, COM 906 #2023, COM 907 #2023, COM 908 #2023, COM 909 #2023, COM 910 #2023, COM 911 #2023, COM 912 #2023, COM 913 #2023); MassVoter lists them as one vote. Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Congratulations to Debra Wise on her appointment as Associate Artistic Director of Revels, Inc. Mayor Siddiqui, Councillor Nolan, Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons and entire membership.
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
That the City Manager is hereby requested to work with the Community Development Department and neighboring cities and agree to a non-binding framework that Cambridge can use to work towards a...
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Recognize Turquoise Takeover Week from May 8-14, 2023 to raise awareness for lung cancer.
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
That the City Manager is requested to work with CDD, Law Department, the Assessor’s Office, and any other relevant departments to produce final draft ordinance language for the BEUDO amendments...
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
That the City Manager is requested to work with DPW and relevant City departments and the Committee on Public Planting to consider ideas proposed during the Health and Environment Committee...
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
City Council support of letter on strong Clean Heat Standards.
ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ORDER ADOPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Place on file: The Economic Development and University Relations Committee held a public meeting on April 4, 2023 to the discuss the practical impact of various city policies, regulations and...
ACCEPTED [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: ACCEPTED [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Place on file: A communication was received from Diane LeBlanc, City Clerk, transmitting an update regarding legislative activity.
PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
Place on file: A communication was received from Mayor Siddiqui, transmitting information from the School Committee.
PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1]
Alanna Mallon is listed as absent for this vote.
“RESULT: PLACED ON FILE [8-0-1] YEAS: Councillor Azeem, Councillor Carlone, Councillor McGovern, Councillor Nolan, Councillor Simmons, Councillor Toner, Councillor Zondervan, Mayor Siddiqui ABSENT: Vice Mayor Mallon.”
From the Cambridge City Council’s official Final Actions, posted by the City Clerk on the city’s meeting portal (and, for meetings before late January 2026, the Open Meeting Portal), linked from the City Council page. We check every vote against the councillors present and quote the exact wording. MassVoter never grades or scores officials. Councillor photos: City of Cambridge (cambridgema.gov), from the official headshots on each councillor’s City Council page. Former councillors show initials.
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